A QoS Based Simulation Approach of Zone Routing Protocol in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

Authors

  • Sonam Gupta ECE Department, SDDIET, Barwala, India
  • Rekha Sharma ECE Department, SDDIET, Barwala, India

Keywords:

BRP, IARP, IERP, MANETs, Transmission Range, QoS, Zone radius, ZRP

Abstract

Ad-hoc networks do not have any infrastructure or base station. Mobile ad-hoc networks have turned the dream of getting connected “anywhere and at any time” into reality. But these networks face the difficult challenge of maintaining connectivity that is affected due to several factors such as transmission power, environmental conditions, obstacles and mobility. Extension of ad-hoc networks is also a major issue that affects the performance of MANETs. Hence, it is necessary to determine the optimal Transmission range that guarantees the network connectivity while saving power and maintaining high capacity. The IETF MANET Working Group has researched and developed a number of protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. The Zone Routing protocol (ZRP) is one of the most popular protocol which in contrast to other MANET routing protocols, utilizes a hybrid pro-active/reactive approach to maintain valid routing tables without too much overhead. In this paper, the performance of ZRP has been analyzed on the basis of QoS performance metrics by varying the transmission range and zone size while keeping the node density constant. The performance metrics comprises of Average Throughput, Packet delivery ratio (PDR), Average end-to-end delay, Routing overhead, Average jitter and Average Energy consumed. The network simulator (NS2.33) has been used to simulate the environment. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the zone routing protocol performs best with smaller zone size for all the transmission ranges but gives poor performance with the increase of zone size.

References

Imrich Chlamtac, Marco Conti, Jenifer J.-N. Liu, “Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Imperatives and Challanges”, Elsevier Network Magazine, vol. 13, pages 13-64, 2003

E.M. Belding-Royer and C. K. Toh, “A review of current routing protocols for adhoc mobile wireless networks”, IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, pages 46–55, April 1999.

Shafinaz Buruhanudeen, Mohamed Othman, Mazliza Othman and Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, "Existing MANET Routing Protocols and Metrics Used Towards the Efficiency and Reliability - An Overview", Proc. of the 14th Int. Conference on Telecommunications and 8th Malaysia Int. Conference on Communications (ICT - MICC 2007), 14 - 17 May, 2007.

C. E. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, “Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers,” in Proc. Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, SIGCOMM, London, August 1994, pp. 234–244.

C. E. Perkins, E.M.B .Royer, S. Das , “Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing,” IETF Internet Draft, MANET working group, Jan.2004.

Md. Arafatur Rahman and Farhat Anwar et al “A Simulation Based Performance Comparison of Routing Protocol on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid)” (ICCCE 2010), 11-13 May 2010.

Patel, B.; Srivastava, S.; , "Performance analysis of zone routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Communications (NCC), 2010 National Conference on, vol., pp.1-5, 29-31 Jan. 2010

Haas, Zygmunt, "A New Routing Protocol For The Reconfigurable Wireless Networks," pg 652 - 566, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, (1997).

Haas Z. J., Pearlman M. R., and Samar P., “The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)”, IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp-04.txt, July 2002.

Haas, Zygmunt J., Pearlman, Marc R., Samar, P.: “Intrazone Routing Protocol (IARP)”, IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-iarp-01.txt, June 2001

Haas, Zygmunt J., Pearlman, Marc R., Samar, P.: “Interzone Routing Protocol (IERP)”, IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-ierp-01.txt, June 2001

Haas, Zygmunt J., Pearlman, Marc R., Samar, P.: “The Bordercast Resolution Protocol (BRP) for Ad Hoc Networks”, IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-brp- 01.txt, June 2001

M.Joa-Ng and I. T. Lu, “A Peer-to-Peer Zone-Based Two-Level Link State Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE journal on Selected areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1415- 1425, August 1999.

Marc R. Pearlman and Zygmunt J. Haas, “Determining the Optimal Configuration for the Zone Routing Protocol” IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 17, NO. 8, AUGUST 1999.

C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj. (2004), Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols’ Prentice Hall.

Network Simulator 2, www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns, 2010.

Shafinaz Buruhanudeen, Mohamed Othman, Mazliza Othman and Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, "Existing MANET Routing Protocols and Metrics Used Towards the Efficiency and Reliability - An Overview", Proc. of the 14th Int. Conference on Telecommunications and 8th Malaysia Int. Conference on Communications (ICT - MICC 2007), 14 - 17 May, 2007

Raju, S.R., Runkana,K; mungara,J, “Performance measurement and analysis of ZRP for MANETs using network simulator- QualNet” Wireless Information technology and Systems (ICWITS), 2010 IEEE International Conference on Aug 28 2010- Sept. 3 2010, page 1-4, ISBN: 978-1-4244-7091-4

SreeRangaRaju, M.N; Mungara,J. “Performance evaluation of ZRP in adhoc mobile wireless network using Qualnet simulator” Signal Processing and information Technology (ISSPIT), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on 15-18 Dec. 2010, pages 457-466, Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-9991-2

M.N. SreeRangaRaju Dr. Jitendranath Mungara, “Optimized ZRP for MANETs and its Applications” International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 3, June 2011

Neha Jain Yogesh Chaba, “ Simulation based Performance Analysis of Zone Routing Protocol in Manet” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) volume 88 – No.4, February 2014

Anil Manohar Dogra, Rajvir singh, “Zone Based Analysis Of Zrp Under Varying Mobility And Transmission Range In Manets” International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 2 February, 2014 Page No. 4007-4016

Sree Ranga Raju and Jitendranath Mungara, “Performance Evaluation of ZRP over AODV and DSR in MANETs using Qualnet”, European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 45(4), 2010, pp 651-667

Chirag Rakholiya, Radhika D. Joshi, “ Perrformance Enhance,ment of zone Routing Protocol in MANET for Reliable Packet delivery” Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Advances in Electronics, Electrical and Computer Science Engineering— EEC 2012, ISBN: 978-981-07-2950-9 doi:10.3850/ 978-981-07-2950-9 866.

M. Nagendra and B.Kondaiah, "A Comparison and Performance Evaluation of On-Demand Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume-02, Issue-05, Page No (15-19), May -2014.

Downloads

Published

2014-07-30

How to Cite

[1]
S. Gupta and R. Sharma, “A QoS Based Simulation Approach of Zone Routing Protocol in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks”, Int. J. Comp. Sci. Eng., vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 24–30, Jul. 2014.

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 7 (2014): IJCSE July Edition

Section

Research Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors contributing to this journal agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it, under the condition that the authors are given credit and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.